CHARLES DICKENS

HARD TIMES

EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY KATE FLINT

‘Let us strike the keynote, Coketown, before pursuing our tune It was a town of machines and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever, and never got uncoiled …’

Hard Times appeared in weekly parts in Household Words in 1854, printed on the pages usually occupied by Reading articles on the major social issues of the day. In the overlapping worlds of Gradgrind’s schoolroom, Bounderby the humbug industrialist and Sissy Jupe of Sleary’s Circus, Dickens joyfully satirizes Utilitarianism, the self-help doctrines of Samuel Smiles and the mechanization of the mid-Victorian soul.

Although it is often called Dickens’s ‘industrial novel’, as Kate